Chikungunya virus is a re-emerging alphavirus, transmit- ted by mosquitoes from Aedes species. It is endemic in Af- rica, and recently it has spread throughout the Indian Ocean, Asia and the Americas, where it has caused several major outbreaks. Since 2007 small outbreaks with autochthone transmission happened in southern Europe, where Aedes al- bopictus expanded. The disease is characterized by fever, headache, rash and arthralgia with an acute unset. Arthralgia may progress and become persistent. Atypical manifesta- tions, severe but rare, include neurologic disease. It is as- sociated with morbidity, due to persistent arthralgia, and mortality. The diagnosis is performed by polymerase chain reaction or by IgM and IgG antibodies detection. There is no effective antiviral treatment, and therefore supportive care is recommended to relieve symptoms. Vector control strate- gies are the only available method to control Aedes mosqui- toes in urban setting.