Cancer is a major health issue that significantly contributes to mortality worldwide. In 2023, an estimated 1,958,310 new cancer cases were projected in the United States. Individuals with cancer may suffer from physical impairments, fatigue, psychological and social issues that reduce their quality of life. Cancer treatments (post-operation, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy) can cause several side effects. Exercises or physical activity are safe and offer a positive impact before, during, and after cancer treatment, encompassing aerobic, resistance, balance, flexibility exercises and others. Exercises improve quality of life, muscle power, and cardiovascular fitness, while also preventing other diseases and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence and death. The aim of this chapter is to clarify exercises’ role in cancer patients. The choice of exercises depends on the diagnosis and patient tolerance, considering contraindications. Physical activity programs should be informed by guidelines, and individualized in intensity, duration, type, and frequency to achieve maximum positive impact.

Hajer Hashil Alhinai, a 27-year-old physiotherapist, graduated from Oman College of Health Sciences in 2020 with a bachelor's degree. She furthered her expertise with a master's degree from the Dynamic Fascia School in integrative dry needling. As a co-instructor at the same school, she shares her knowledge with aspiring physiotherapists. With four years of experience in oncology care at Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, Hajer specializes in physical activity for cancer patients, lymphedema management, and women's health. She published her first research on supportive exercises for cancer patients in January 2024 and is currently working on two more research projects. Hajer is also a speaker for the Oman Breast Cancer Society and has presented on mastectomy care in a beauty care program for cancer patients.